Ethics
This guidance helps you use AI tools responsibly while serving the public interest.
Core principles for AI tool use
Stay accountable
You remain responsible for all outputs, even when AI tools help create them.
Do:
- Review all AI-generated code before you use it
- Document AI tool usage in critical systems
- Explain AI-assisted decisions to stakeholders
Don’t:
- Accept AI outputs without checking them
- Use AI for decisions you cannot explain
Prevent bias
AI tools can copy existing biases, especially from training data.
Do:
- Test AI-generated code with different scenarios
- Check outputs for potential bias in how they work or what they say
- Consider who might be left out by AI-assisted solutions
Don’t:
- Assume AI outputs are neutral
- Put AI-generated algorithms into production without bias testing
Protect data
AI tools may process information in ways that create privacy risks.
Do:
- Check what data AI tools collect and how they use it
- Follow GDPR requirements when you use AI tools
- Use privacy-protecting alternatives for personal data
- Turn on privacy settings in all tools
For information on the appropriate privacy settings for your chosen AI tool, see the Defra Tools Guidance
Don’t:
- Put sensitive or classified data into public AI tools
- Use AI tools without understanding how they handle data
Decision framework
Before you use AI tools, ask:
- Does this serve a clear user need?
- Can you explain how you’re using AI?
- Do you accept responsibility for outputs?
- Have you considered potential bias?
- Does this protect user data properly?
If you cannot answer “yes” to all questions, change your approach.
Things to consider
Security and reliability
AI-generated code may contain security flaws or errors that look correct. Always check AI outputs through testing and code review.
Intellectual property
AI tools may generate code based on copyrighted material. Make sure AI-assisted code follows open source licensing requirements and government IP policies.
Environmental impact
AI tools use computing resources. Consider environmental costs and use AI tools in proportion to the task complexity. See Sustainability for more information.
Skills and development
Use AI tools to enhance rather than replace human expertise. Make sure team members keep their technical skills and critical thinking abilities.
Public trust
Be transparent about AI assistance in public-facing services. Consider how AI use affects citizen confidence in government digital services.
