{
  "attributes": [
    {
      "name": "Oriented on meaningful outcomes",
      "description": "Each capability exists to deliver an outcome for the public, the environment or the department."
    },
    {
      "name": "Stable over time",
      "description": "Capabilities change far more slowly than organisations, processes or systems."
    },
    {
      "name": "Independent of organisation structure",
      "description": "A capability can be delivered by core Defra, an arm's length body or a partner."
    },
    {
      "name": "Independent of technology",
      "description": "Capabilities say what we do, never which product does it."
    },
    {
      "name": "Measurable",
      "description": "We can assess maturity, cost, risk and investment against each capability."
    },
    {
      "name": "Expressed in active, plain language",
      "description": "Verb first, no jargon, understandable by anyone."
    }
  ],
  "business_capabilities": [
    {
      "id": "BC01",
      "number": "01",
      "name": "Act as a custodian of the environment and ecosystems",
      "type": "core",
      "description": "Understand, protect, restore and enhance the natural environment - land, water, air, seas, habitats and species - for current and future generations.",
      "outcomes": [
        "Thriving plants and wildlife",
        "Clean air and clean and plentiful water",
        "Reduced risk from environmental hazards"
      ],
      "level2": [
        "Monitor environmental condition",
        "Protect and recover species and habitats",
        "Manage land, water, air and marine resources",
        "Designate and manage protected sites",
        "Manage flood and coastal erosion risk",
        "Manage natural capital and biodiversity net gain"
      ],
      "technology": [
        "geospatial-solutions",
        "data",
        "scientific-data-and-laboratory-solutions",
        "manufacturing-and-delivery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BC02",
      "number": "02",
      "name": "Conduct research and analyse evidence",
      "type": "core",
      "description": "Build and use the scientific, economic and social evidence base that underpins policy, regulation and operational decisions.",
      "outcomes": [
        "Decisions grounded in robust evidence",
        "Trusted official statistics"
      ],
      "level2": [
        "Commission and conduct research",
        "Collect and curate evidence",
        "Analyse, model and forecast",
        "Publish official statistics",
        "Horizon scan for emerging risks"
      ],
      "technology": [
        "data",
        "geospatial-solutions",
        "scientific-data-and-laboratory-solutions",
        "artificial-intelligence",
        "communication-and-collaboration"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BC03",
      "number": "03",
      "name": "Create policy and legislation",
      "type": "core",
      "description": "Develop, consult on, implement and evaluate policy, legislation and regulation, including international and trade agreements.",
      "outcomes": [
        "Effective, proportionate policy and regulation",
        "Policy informed by those it affects"
      ],
      "level2": [
        "Develop and appraise policy options",
        "Consult and gather views",
        "Draft and maintain legislation",
        "Negotiate international agreements",
        "Evaluate policy impact"
      ],
      "technology": [
        "corporate-communication-services",
        "data",
        "communication-and-collaboration",
        "artificial-intelligence"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BC04",
      "number": "04",
      "name": "Engage with citizens and organisations",
      "type": "core",
      "description": "Inform, advise, listen to and build relationships with the public, farmers, businesses, partners and other stakeholders.",
      "outcomes": [
        "Users can find what they need and do what they need to do",
        "Strong relationships with the sectors we work with"
      ],
      "level2": [
        "Provide information and guidance",
        "Manage customer and stakeholder relationships",
        "Handle enquiries, complaints and information requests",
        "Run campaigns and communications",
        "Gather and act on feedback"
      ],
      "technology": [
        "security-and-compliance",
        "customer-service",
        "corporate-communication-services",
        "manufacturing-and-delivery"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BC05",
      "number": "05",
      "name": "Issue licences and permits",
      "type": "core",
      "description": "Decide whether and on what terms people and organisations can carry out regulated activities, and keep registers of what has been permitted.",
      "outcomes": [
        "Regulated activity happens safely and lawfully",
        "Fast, predictable decisions for applicants"
      ],
      "level2": [
        "Determine eligibility and requirements",
        "Assess and determine applications",
        "Issue licences, permits and certificates",
        "Vary, renew, suspend and revoke",
        "Maintain public registers"
      ],
      "technology": [
        "security-and-compliance",
        "customer-service",
        "finance",
        "manufacturing-and-delivery",
        "communication-and-collaboration",
        "geospatial-solutions",
        "data"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BC06",
      "number": "06",
      "name": "Enforce compliance",
      "type": "core",
      "description": "Check that people and organisations meet their obligations and take proportionate action when they do not.",
      "outcomes": [
        "High levels of compliance",
        "Harm prevented, and stopped quickly when it happens"
      ],
      "level2": [
        "Plan risk-based regulation",
        "Inspect, sample and audit",
        "Gather intelligence and investigate",
        "Take enforcement action",
        "Manage appeals and sanctions"
      ],
      "technology": [
        "manufacturing-and-delivery",
        "geospatial-solutions",
        "data",
        "communication-and-collaboration"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BC07",
      "number": "07",
      "name": "Administer funds and grants",
      "type": "core",
      "description": "Design and run schemes that pay public money for public goods, from application to payment, verification and recovery.",
      "outcomes": [
        "Public money delivers environmental and economic outcomes",
        "Payments are accurate, on time and protected from fraud"
      ],
      "level2": [
        "Design schemes",
        "Manage applications and agreements",
        "Verify claims",
        "Make payments",
        "Recover payments and manage irregularities",
        "Evaluate scheme outcomes"
      ],
      "technology": [
        "security-and-compliance",
        "manufacturing-and-delivery",
        "finance",
        "geospatial-solutions",
        "data",
        "customer-service"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BC08",
      "number": "08",
      "name": "Respond to incidents and crises",
      "type": "core",
      "description": "Prepare for, detect, respond to and recover from emergencies such as animal and plant disease outbreaks, floods, droughts and pollution.",
      "outcomes": [
        "Faster detection and containment",
        "Reduced harm to people, animals, plants and the environment"
      ],
      "level2": [
        "Plan and exercise for emergencies",
        "Detect and assess incidents",
        "Coordinate response",
        "Contain and control",
        "Recover and learn lessons"
      ],
      "technology": [
        "manufacturing-and-delivery",
        "geospatial-solutions",
        "scientific-data-and-laboratory-solutions",
        "customer-service",
        "data"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BC09",
      "number": "09",
      "name": "Operate and deploy assets",
      "type": "core",
      "description": "Plan, build, operate, maintain and dispose of physical assets such as flood defences, laboratories, vessels, land and estate.",
      "outcomes": [
        "Assets are available and perform when needed",
        "Whole-life value for money"
      ],
      "level2": [
        "Plan and invest in assets",
        "Build and commission assets",
        "Operate assets",
        "Inspect and maintain assets",
        "Dispose of assets"
      ],
      "technology": [
        "geospatial-solutions",
        "scientific-data-and-laboratory-solutions",
        "manufacturing-and-delivery",
        "finance",
        "data"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BC10",
      "number": "10",
      "name": "Set organisational direction",
      "type": "supporting",
      "description": "Set strategy and priorities, allocate investment, manage performance and risk, and govern the department and its arm's length bodies.",
      "outcomes": [
        "Clear priorities and accountable delivery",
        "Investment aligned to outcomes"
      ],
      "level2": [
        "Set strategy and priorities",
        "Manage portfolio and investment",
        "Manage performance and risk",
        "Govern and assure",
        "Design the operating model"
      ],
      "technology": [
        "data",
        "communication-and-collaboration"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "BC11",
      "number": "11",
      "name": "Provide shared services",
      "type": "supporting",
      "description": "Provide the people, finance, commercial, digital, data and technology, estates, legal and information services the rest of Defra relies on.",
      "outcomes": [
        "Efficient, consistent corporate services",
        "Staff have the tools and support to do their jobs"
      ],
      "level2": [
        "Manage people",
        "Manage finance",
        "Manage commercial and procurement",
        "Provide digital, data and technology services",
        "Manage estates and facilities",
        "Manage information and records"
      ],
      "technology": [
        "security-and-compliance",
        "finance",
        "communication-and-collaboration",
        "enabling-platforms",
        "operations"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "technology_capabilities": [
    {
      "id": "business",
      "name": "Business",
      "level2": [
        {
          "id": "product-management",
          "name": "Product Management"
        },
        {
          "id": "sales-and-marketing",
          "name": "Sales & Marketing"
        },
        {
          "id": "customer-service",
          "name": "Customer Service"
        },
        {
          "id": "manufacturing-and-delivery",
          "name": "Manufacturing & Delivery"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "shared-corporate",
      "name": "Shared & Corporate",
      "level2": [
        {
          "id": "corporate-communication-services",
          "name": "Corporate Communication Services"
        },
        {
          "id": "finance",
          "name": "Finance"
        },
        {
          "id": "health-safety-and-environmental-services",
          "name": "Health, Safety, and Environmental Services"
        },
        {
          "id": "legal",
          "name": "Legal"
        },
        {
          "id": "property-and-facility-services",
          "name": "Property & Facility Services"
        },
        {
          "id": "risk-audit-and-compliance-services",
          "name": "Risk, Audit & Compliance Services"
        },
        {
          "id": "sustainability-and-esg",
          "name": "Sustainability & ESG"
        },
        {
          "id": "vendor-and-procurement-services",
          "name": "Vendor and Procurement Services"
        },
        {
          "id": "workforce",
          "name": "Workforce"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "workplace",
      "name": "Workplace",
      "level2": [
        {
          "id": "connectivity",
          "name": "Connectivity"
        },
        {
          "id": "client-computing",
          "name": "Client Computing"
        },
        {
          "id": "communication-and-collaboration",
          "name": "Communication & Collaboration"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "artificial-intelligence",
      "name": "Artificial Intelligence",
      "level2": [
        {
          "id": "agentic",
          "name": "Agentic"
        },
        {
          "id": "generative",
          "name": "Generative"
        },
        {
          "id": "interpretive",
          "name": "Interpretive"
        },
        {
          "id": "predictive",
          "name": "Predictive"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "delivery",
      "name": "Delivery",
      "level2": [
        {
          "id": "development",
          "name": "Development"
        },
        {
          "id": "enabling-platforms",
          "name": "Enabling Platforms"
        },
        {
          "id": "operations",
          "name": "Operations"
        },
        {
          "id": "security-and-compliance",
          "name": "Security & Compliance"
        },
        {
          "id": "strategy-and-planning",
          "name": "Strategy & Planning"
        },
        {
          "id": "support",
          "name": "Support"
        },
        {
          "id": "geospatial-solutions",
          "name": "Geospatial Solutions (Defra Customisation)"
        },
        {
          "id": "scientific-data-and-laboratory-solutions",
          "name": "Scientific Data & Laboratory Solutions (Defra Customisation)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "infrastructure",
      "name": "Infrastructure",
      "level2": [
        {
          "id": "compute",
          "name": "Compute"
        },
        {
          "id": "data-centre",
          "name": "Data Centre"
        },
        {
          "id": "data",
          "name": "Data"
        },
        {
          "id": "network",
          "name": "Network"
        },
        {
          "id": "storage",
          "name": "Storage"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}